オープンイノベーション

coupled process of open innovation (inflows and outflows) 

Gassmann, O., & Enkel, E. (2004). Towards a theory of open innovation: three core process archetypes. In Proceedings of the R&D Management Conference 8-9.

Enkel, E., Gassmann, O., & Chesbrough, H. (2009). Open R&D and open innovation: exploring the phenomenon. R&D Management, 39(4), 311-316.